求翻译：美国心理学家布鲁纳曾指出：“教学过程是一种提出问题与解决问题持续不断的活动。”由此可见，有效课堂提问对促进三维目标达成，学生思维发展起着至关重要的作用。但目前课堂提问现状并不乐观，无效提问现象较为突出，致使课堂教学效率低下、学生思维发展受阻。为了改变这种状况，实现课堂提问的有效性，通过分析、探究提炼出了有效提问的四条策略：一、要有针对性的设计问题；二、要有启发性的设计问题；三、要体现适时性的设计问题；四、要体现全面性的设计问题。是什么意思？

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American psychologist Brunner has stated that: "teaching is the process of asking questions and solve problems continuing activity. This shows that effective classroom questions to promote 3d target development, students thinking plays a vital role. But the current classroom question status quo and

United States psychologist Bruner stated: "the teaching process is a problem and resolve the issues raised ongoing activities. "This shows that effective classroom questioning and for the promotion of three-dimensional target reached, students played a vital role in the development of thinking. But