求翻译：德国教育家J.F.赫尔巴特倡导启发儿童已有的经验和知识作为学习的出发点，称为启发教学法。 他认为人们总是用意识中已经存在的旧 “观念"去融化、吸收新“观念”，这种心理现象称为统觉过程，而这种过程的各个阶段，都有它们相应的兴趣。他依据他的“观念”及其统觉的心理学和“多方面兴趣”的学说，提出了教学的“形式阶段”理论。这种理论，是近代教育史上，首先明确地把教学的过程分为有计划的程序，即“明了”、“联合”、“系统”和“方法” 4个阶段或步骤是什么意思？

German educator jf Herbart advocated inspired by children's existing experience and knowledge as the starting point for learning, known as the inspired teaching. He believes that people always use the old "ideas" already exists in the consciousness to melt and absorb new concepts, such a psychologic

German educators J F . . the hull child advocacy has been inspired by the experience and knowledge as a learning point of view, known as inspired teaching. He was of the view that people have used in the awareness of the old "concept" to melt, absorbing the new "concept" that this psychological phen

Germany educator J.F. Herbart advocated inspired children's experience and knowledge that you