求翻译：　（1）以学生为中心，发挥学生的主观能动性。倡导教学要以学生为中心，目的是让学生有足够的时间参与各项课堂活动，使语言运用能力得以提高。教师应由原来单纯的知识讲授者转变为课堂活动的设计者、管理者、学生实践活动的指导者和合作者等多重角色，在传授知识的同时，更重要的是教给学生自学的方法，培养他们的自信心和自主学习的能力，为他们日后的进一步学习打下良好的基础。是什么意思？

(1) student-centered, student initiative. Advocate teaching to student-centered, designed to give students enough time to participate in classroom activities, so that language proficiency can be improved. Teachers should be taught from the simple knowledge into classroom activities by the designers,

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　(1) take the student as the center, displays student's subjective initiative.The initiative teaching must take the student as the center, the goal is lets the student have the enough time to participate in each item of classroom activity, enables the language to enhance using ability.The teacher sh

　(1) a student-centered and students ' initiative. Advocate teaching to student-centered, is designed to give students sufficient time to participate in classroom activities, the ability to use language can be improved. Teachers should shift from mere facilitator of knowledge to classroom activities

　(1) a student-centered and students ' initiative. Advocate teaching to student-centered, is designed to give students sufficient time to participate in classroom activities, the ability to use language can be improved. Teachers should shift from mere facilitator of knowledge to classroom activities