求翻译：请输入您需要翻译的文本！We find that firms’ choices vary predictably as a function of the firm’s ability to use accrual management and the costs of doing so. Our model is a first step in examining how firms tradeoff between real versus accrual methods of earnings management是什么意思？

Please enter your text to be translated! We find that firms' choices vary predictably as a function of the firm's ability to use accrual management and the costs of doing so. Our model is a first step in examining how firms tradeoff between real versus accrual methods of earnings management

Please enter the text you need to be translated! ' We firms find that choices vary predictably as a function of the firm ' s ability to use the accrual and management costs of doing so is a model Our . first step in examining how firms tradeoff between real earnings versus accrual methods of managem

Please input the text which you need to translate! We find that firms' choices vary predictably as a function of the firm' s ability to use accrual management and the costs of doing so. Our model is a first step in examining how firms tradeoff between real versus accrual methods of earnings manageme

Please enter the text you need to translate! We find that firms’ choices vary predictably as a function of the firm’s ability to use accrual management and the costs of doing so. Our model is a first step in examining how firms tradeoff between real versus accrual methods of earnings management

Please enter the text you need to translate! We find that firms’ choices vary predictably as a function of the firm’s ability to use accrual management and the costs of doing so. Our model is a first step in examining how firms tradeoff between real versus accrual methods of earnings management